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Investment funds: a beginner's guide

7 min readM9

An investment fund is a vehicle that pools money from many investors to buy financial assets — bonds, stocks, CDs, real estate — that would individually be inaccessible or very expensive to manage. In Colombia, collective investment funds (FIC) are regulated by the Financial Superintendency and are an accessible way to enter markets that normally require specialized knowledge. You can start with as little as $100,000.

Types of funds in Colombia

Fixed-income funds: invest in government bonds, corporate debt, and CDs. Lower risk, returns between 8% and 13% per year. They are the natural transition from a savings account. Variable-income funds: invest in domestic and international stocks. Higher return potential (historical Colombian market: 15–20% per year over 10-year periods) but also higher short-term volatility. Mixed funds: combine fixed and variable income. They are the most balanced entry point for new investors. Money market funds: very liquid, ultra-conservative, similar to a high-yield savings account.

Risk: what it actually means

Risk in investments does not mean you can lose everything overnight (that is more characteristic of crypto or individual stocks without diversification). It means volatility: the value of your investment can go up and down. A variable-income fund can fall 20% in a bad year and rise 35% the next. If you need the money short-term, that drop affects you. If you invest for 10+ years, drops are temporary and growth tends to prevail. The golden rule: your time horizon determines how much risk you can take on.

Costs that affect your returns

Funds have two main costs: the annual management fee (between 0.5% and 2.5% of the invested value) and entry/exit fees on some funds. These costs seem small but have an enormous long-term impact thanks to compound interest. A fund at 12% with a 2% fee gives you a net 10%. Another at 11% with a 0.5% fee gives you 10.5% net. Always compare net returns, not gross returns.

How to get started in Colombia

The main options for getting started are: Bancolombia (Fiduciaria Bancolombia), Davivienda, BTG Pactual, Skandia, and several emerging fintechs. You need a Colombian bank account, a valid ID, and the minimum opening amount (starting from $100,000 at some digital funds). The process is fully digital. Most importantly: define your time horizon before choosing the type of fund. Money you need in 2 years: fixed income or money market. Money for 10+ years: you can take on more variable income.

Key takeaways

  • Collective investment funds (FIC) are regulated by the Financial Superintendency.
  • Fixed income: 8–13% per year, low risk. Variable income: higher potential, higher volatility.
  • You can start with as little as $100,000 on some digital platforms.
  • Your time horizon is the most important factor in choosing the type of fund.
  • Always compare net returns (after fees deducted), not gross.
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